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Treatment of non-rheumatic lesions of the heart valves
Treatment of non-rheumatic lesions of the heart valves
What it is ?
A defect in the mitral valve with a reverse flow of blood (regurgitation) from the left ventricle to the atrium as a result of incomplete closure of the valves is called mitral insufficiency. In an independent form, the acquired disease is rare and has a benign character for a long time. But as part of combined and concomitant defects, it is detected in half of all cases of cardiac defects and quickly leads to serious complications.
Causes
The formation of a defect can occur in the prenatal period, in which case it is considered congenital. The reasons for this pathology can be:
• Alcoholism, drug use and maternal smoking during pregnancy;
• Ionizing radiation;
• Poisoning and taking certain drugs (antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs);
• Systemic and infectious diseases. The etiological factors of the acquired deviation are usually: • Streptococcal and staphylococcal infections with the development of septic endocarditis;
• Autoimmune diseases (lupus, multiple sclerosis);
• Myocardial damage as a result of a heart attack;
• Mitral valve prolapse;
• Marfan's syndrome;
• Injuries to the chest with torn cusps or fibers that hold them in place.
Relative insufficiency of the mitral valve is observed with a marked increase in the left ventricle. The cause of this condition can be dilated cardiomyopathy, aortic malformation, myocarditis and hypertension.
Diagnostics
You can identify the problem in the following ways:
1. ECG. It will show signs of hypertrophy of the left sections of the myocardium, and later of the right ventricle. Sometimes it is possible to fix tachycardia and rhythm disturbance.
2. Survey radiography of the chest. On it you can see an increase in the left sections, displacement of the esophagus, in later stages - hypertrophy of the right ventricle. Congestion in the lungs is manifested by vasodilation and fuzziness of their outlines.
3. Phonocardiogram. A very informative examination, in which it is possible to determine all the noises produced by the heart muscle. A sign of the disease will be a decrease in the sound of ventricular contraction, systolic murmur, a click of the closing of the valves.
4. Violation is confirmed by echocardiography. The ultrasound method reveals an increase in the chambers of the heart and incomplete closure of the mitral orifice.
Treatment Methods
Treatment of mitral valve insufficiency at the stage of compensation consists in constant monitoring of the patient, reducing physical activity and the use of agents to prevent the progress of the disease. If complications appear, and there is no possibility of solving the problem surgically, symptomatic therapy is used:
• Cardiac glycosides;
• Diuretics;
• Beta-blockers;
• Calcium antagonists;
• ACE inhibitors;
• Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents.
No drugs can cure the disease. Conservative methods help only temporarily delay deterioration and improve the quality of life. Surgery is the only way to fix the problem.
You can safely start treatment, which we carry out as quickly and efficiently as possible in Tashkent. Gatling Med Clinic will make you feel confident in yourself and in your health!
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